the first several pieces are from a series of non-traditional paintings. these pieces use steel to frame, not only the colorfully painted surface, but also a portion of the hanging surface. these works highlight an area that is generally considered 'exterior to the painting' and traditionally invisible to the viewer. these paintings include this vacant area, accepting it as a part of the whole, utilizing the adjacent color and texture, thereby accepting the wall around them as significant. many of them reflect on the shape of the framed negative space in color and form, resulting in multi-level picture planes that blur the lines between interior & exterior, positive & negative, and sculpture & painting.

the second body of work, comprised of free-hand drawings in steel and finished aluminum, acts similarly to the painted series. their layered and segmented construction allows light to engage the front of the work as well as the space behind or below the metal. this staggering of planes creates an ever-changing collage of highlight & shadow.